This book comprises the proceedings of the 6th International Wheat Conference. Leading scientists from different parts of the world reviewed the main results of wheat improvement in the 20th century, and discussed the new challenges for the future to increase the stability of the world's wheat production and to keep pace with the population increase. The topics debated cover breeding and genetics, new ways of quality research, breeding for abiotic and biotic resistance, sustainable wheat production, germplasm development and exchange, and the importance of international cooperation. The impact of biotechnology is discussed by outstanding representatives of the private and public research sectors. This book provides an opportunity for wheat scientists interested in global trends in wheat improvement to obtain an insight into this period of change when both classical and new methods can contribute to breeding efforts and sustainable production systems.