Research in the past decade with respect to bioprospecting has given a glimpse of the vast array of possibilities that nature has in store for mankind. Further, with the advent of technological advancement the prime focus diverted towards microbial bioprospecting and its bioactive compounds. Microbial bioprospecting allows the necessary switch towards a more sustainable approach and has been an area of active concern and research worldwide. Bioprospecting of Microbial Diversity: Challenges and Applications in Bio-chemical Industry, Agriculture and Environment Protection gives a detailed insight into the utilization of microorganisms or microorganism-based bioactive compounds for the development of sustainable approaches. The organization of the book is such that it gives valuable insight into the basics of microbial prospecting, the past knowledge along with the current technological advancement that fill in the gaps and allow better understanding and extension of its application in various industries. The challenges associated with different approaches of microbial bioprospecting along with some possible solutions to overcome the limitation are also addressed. Further, it also presents the application of microbes-based products in the area of environmental pollution control and developing greener technologies. The collective knowledge of this book is a source of inspiration for promoting the commercialization of microbial-derived bioactive compounds and their application in biochemical industries, agriculture, and environmental protection studies.