The specialty of biology that deals with the study of bacteria and various aspects related to them such as their genetics, morphology, biochemistry and ecology is termed as bacteriology. It also involves the characterization, classification and identification of bacterial species. Clinical bacteriology refers to the study of bacteria and their relation to medicine. It also encompasses the diagnosis of infectious diseases. There has been a significant role of bacteriology in the control of several fatal diseases. It has resulted in the discovery of antibiotics as well as effective vaccines such as tetanus toxoid and diphtheria toxoid vaccines. There are also some vaccines that are not much effective and have side-effects such as typhoid vaccine. Clinical bacteriology is an upcoming field of science that has undergone rapid development over the past few decades. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of this field. It will help the readers in keeping pace with the rapid changes in this field.