1.The Increasing Importance, Growth, and Evolution of Doctoral Training; Jung Cheol Shin, Barbara M. Kehm & Glen A. Jones.- Part I. Doctoral Training in European Systems.- 2. Doctoral Education, Training and Work in Germany; Christian Schneijderberg & Ulrich Teichler.- 3. Doctoral Training in Sweden: History, Trends and Developments; Lars Geschwind.- 4. Cooperation and Competition in Swiss Doctoral Training: For the Sake of the Knowledge Society?; Lukas Baschung.- 5. A Tale of Expansion and Change Major Trends in Doctoral Training and in Doctoral Population in Portugal; Pedro Teixeira & Pedro Videira.- Part II. Doctoral Training in Anglo-American Systems.- 6. US Doctoral Study to Early Career; William K. Cummings & Olga Bain.- 7. Growth and Diversification of Doctoral Education in the United Kingdom; Barbara M. Kehm, Richard P. J. Freeman & William Locke.- 8. Development and Future Directions of Higher Degree Research Training in Australia; Peter James Bentley & V. Lynn Meek.- 9. Doctoral Education in Canada; Glen A. Jones.- Part III. Doctoral Training in East Asian Systems.- 10. Doctoral Education in Japan: Historical Development and Challenges; Akira Arimoto.- 11. Doctoral training in South Korea: On the Way Toward Becoming an Independent Research Hub; Heejin Lim & Jung Cheol Shin.- 12. Doctoral Education in China: Changes and Challenges; Futao Huang.- 13. Doctoral Training in Taiwan: Socio-economic Development and Doctoral Training; Robin Jung-Cheng Chen.- 14. Conclusion: Doctoral Education and Training: A Global Convergence?; Barbara M. Kehm, Jung Cheol Shin & Glen A. Jones.