The capital of Portugal, and the country's largest city, Lisbon dates back to ancient times. In 1147 it was conquered by Crusader knights, and it became the capital in 1255. From the fifteenth century it was the focus of trade with Africa, Asia and the Americas as Portugal established a colonial empire which lasted through to the twentieth century.



Devastated in an earthquake in 1755, the city was rebuilt. It was captured by the French during the Napoleonic Wars, and became a major gateway for refugees fleeing war-ravaged Europe during World War II - also being a haven for spies and intrigue. With its mild climate, for hundreds of years it has attracted British and other foreign residents including a range of exiled monarchs and heads of state.



This book is the first encyclopedia of Lisbon to provide details in English of the places and institutions which, and the people who, contributed to the history of the city. It contains hundreds of illustrations and photographs.