The objective of the book "Evolution Theory: Historical Background and Fundamentals" is to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the historical context and fundamental principles of the theory of evolution. By delving into the origins and development of this groundbreaking scientific concept, the book aims to shed light on the contributions of influential scientists, the controversies surrounding evolutionary thought, and the evidence supporting this paradigm-shifting theory. Through a rigorous exploration of key concepts such as natural selection, adaptation, and genetic variation, readers will gain a deeper appreciation for the profound impact of evolution on our understanding of the natural world and the diversity of life on Earth.