The general topic of this volume concerns the origin, evolution, distribution, and destiny of life in the Universe. Firstly, it discusses the transition from inert matter to cellular life and its evolution to fully developed intelligent beings, and also the possibility of life occurring elsewhere, particularly in other environments in our own and other solar systems. Secondly, the book explores the role that space missions may play in obtaining further insight into the question of the origin of life. Reviews are included of the research for micro-organisms in the solar system and the well-established project for the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. This work is much broader in its scope than in previous conferences: over 100 leading scientists have reviewed the entire range of subjects dealt with in these 69 papers.