Well before Columbus, Native Americans observed the enormous and mysterious petrified bones of extinct prehistoric creatures and sought to understand their transformation to stone. In perceptive creation stories filled with sophisticated insights-some of which anticipate modern scientific theories-dinosaurs, mammoths, pterosaurs, and marine reptiles were visualized as Giant Lizards, Monster Bears, Thunder Birds, and Water Monsters, In this original and richly illustrated book, Adrienne Mayor draws on history, oral tales, and interviews as she takes us from Aztec and Inca fossil legends to the traditions of Iroquois, Navajo, Cheyenne, Sioux, Pawnee, and other groups. The result is a vivid panorama of how humans explained fossils long before evolutionary theory.