This volume presents a coherent synopsis of a rapidly evolving field. Subjects covered include diffraction contrast and defect analysis by conventional TEM lattice imaging, phase contrast and resolution limits in high resolution electron microscopy. Specialized electron diffraction techniques are also covered, as is the application of parallel electron energy loss spectroscopy and scanning transmission EM for subnanometer analysis. Materials analyzed include thin films, interfaces and non-conventional materials. WDS and EDS are treated, with an emphasis on o(pZ) techniques for the analysis of thin layers and surface films. Theoretical and practical aspects of ESEM are discussed in relation to applications in crystal growth, biomaterials and polymers. Developments in SPM are also described.