PrefaceChapter 1. Introduction Chapter author: Dan Xu (INALCO, France) and Hui Li(School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, China)Chapter 2. Correlation between genetic structure and linguistic phylogeny in East AsiaChapter author: Yunzhi Huang and Hui Li (School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, China)The chapterprovides a general landscape of correlation between population and languages in East Asia. Chapter 3. A genetic perspective on language replacement in SiberiaChapter author: LanhaiWei and Hui Li (School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, China)The chapter treats language replacement in the light of biological research. Chapter 4. The Silk Road: language and population admixture and replacementChapter author: Dan Xu (INALCO, France) and Shaoqing Wen (School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, China)The chapter focusses on languages and populations on the Silk Road within China. Chapter 5. A comparative analysis of the case system in someNorthwestern SiniticlanguagesChapter author: Alain Peyraube(Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chinese Linguistics at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), France)Thechapter re-examines the case system recently formed in Northwestern China. Chapter 6. Relationship between Altaic speaking populations and their languages from the perspective of Y chromosomesChapter author: Shaoqing Wen(School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, China), Xiaodong Xie(Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, China)and Dan Xu(INALCO, France)The Chapter studies languages and populations at the border of Gansu and Qinghai. Chapter 7. Formation of a "Mixed Language" in Northwest China-The Case of TangwangChapter author: Dan Xu (INALCO, France) and Shaoqing Wen(School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China)The Chapter studies the Tangwang language from aninterdisciplinary perspective.Chapter 8. Present Y chromosomes refute the Roma/Gypsy origin of the Xuejiawan people in Northwest ChinaChapter author: Shaoqing Wen, Dan Xu, Yao Hongbing and Hui Li(INALCO, France andSchool of Life Science, Fudan University, China)The Chapter examines a language discovered in the 1940's and considered to be a "mysterious language". Chapter 9. Infiltration of Manchu into Chinese--Observing the special lexemes in Chinese translations of the Qingwen Zhiyao Chapter author: Zhang Meilan (Department of Chinese Language and Literature, Tsinghua University, China)The Chapter compares the vocabulary of Manchu through 6 different version of the Qingwen Zhiyao（清文指要） to understand the decline of the Manchu language and its replacement by Mandarin (Standard Chinese) over one century. Index