Preface

Section 1: Optical Properties for Sensors

Chapter 1.1: Introduction to Optical Sensors

Authors: Jacob J. Lamb, Odne S. Burheim, Bruno G. Pollet and Dag R. Hjelme

Dimensions of Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices

Electrical vs Optical Sensors

General Principles of Fibre Optic Sensor Systems

Sensor Integration

References

Chapter 1.2: Light Properties and Sensors

Authors: Markus S. Wahl, Rolf S. Kristian, Harald I. Muri, Jacob J. Lamb and Dag R. Hjelme

Light as Electromagnetic Waves

Mathematical Formalism

Interaction of Light with Materials

Dielectric Materials

Semiconductor Physics pn-Junction

Light Sources and Detection

Thermal Sources

Non-Thermal Sources

Photodetectors

Spectral Resolution

Fibre Optic Waveguides

Intrinsic Fibre Optic Sensors

Discrete Point Temperature Sensors

Distributed Temperature Sensors

Extrinsic Fibre Optic Sensors

Single Point RI or Chemical Optical Fibre Sensors

References

Section 2: Optical Sensor Measurements

Chapter 2.1: Temperature and Humidity Measurements

Authors: Markus S. Wahl, Harald I. Muri, Jacob J. Lamb, Rolf S. Kristian and Dag R. Hjelme

Humidity as a Measurable Parameter

Principle of Humidity Sensing

Traditional Optical Humidity Detection

Miniaturised Humidity Sensors

Current Optical Temperature Sensor Technologies

Blackbody Radiation-Based Temperature Sensing

Absorption-Based Temperature Sensing

Polarimetric-Based Temperature Sensors

Interferometer-Based Temperature Sensors

Fibre Bragg Grating Temperature Sensors

Some Challenges and Solutions for Optical Fibre-Based Sensing

References

Chapter 2.2: Hydrogen Gas Measurements

Authors: Harald I. Muri, Jacob J. Lamb, Markus S. Wahl, Rolf K. Snilsberg and Dag R. Hjelme

Traditional Gas Optical Measurements

Infrared Absorption

Raman Scattering

Raman- and IR-Based Optical Fibre Hydrogen Sensors

Thin Film-Based Optical Fibre Hydrogen Sensors

Measurement Principles

Measurement Methods

References

Chapter 2.3: Sensor Fusion

Principle of Sensor Fusion

Sensor Fusion Possibilities

Data Handling

References

Section 3: Energy Production and Storage

Chapter 3.1: Hydrogen Fuel Cells and Water Electro