Nanoparticles Synthesis by Soil Microbes: Application in Plant Production and the Environment, a volume in the Plant and Soil Microbiome series, presents an advanced and recent description of plant and soil microbiome in the nanoparticle synthesis and their application in sustainable agriculture and environment. The biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles has gained considerable attention due to their environment-friendly, cost-effective, rapid and efficient nature. The microbial cell contains various bioactive compounds, and in the last few years, nanoparticle syntheses from the microbial cell have been increasingly sought due to their overall cost effectiveness and less toxic residual products. Microbe-assisted synthesis of nanoparticles could provide a green, environmentally benign, rapid and efficient route for the fabrication of biocompatible nanostructures with diverse physical-chemical and optoelectronic properties. Microbial metabolites not only serve as promising reducing agents but also as stabilizing agents. Careful optimization of the reaction parameters like inoculum load, duration, metal salt concentration, temperature, pH and agitation can help to get tunable morphology and maximum production of the biogenic nanoparticles. In this book volume, we will cover the broad aspect of microbial synthesized nanoparticles in their synthesis and application in sustainable agriculture and environmental management.