The end of the Cold War has created a new group of technology providers in the international marketplace less inclined to exhibit self-restraint in exporting sensitive dual-use technologies that can contribute to the global proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and long-range missile systems. John C. Baker focuses on the technology export challenges posed by the nuclear and aeropsace industries inherited by Russia and Ukraine, which are driven by economic difficulties to export sensitive dual-use technologies as an attractive source of gaining hard currency. He proposes an ambitious non-proliferation strategy that takes advantage of new opportunities for using international economic and political incentives to discourage irresponsible export behaviour by these former Soviet defence enterprises while seeking long-term changes in the non-proliferation attitudes of enterprise managers and government leaders.