This impotant topic is being brought to the readership for the first time and addresses the most important issues surrounding pain management while presenting the most current research and data. Topics include: CSE vs Epidural Analgesia for Labor and Delivery; Nonpharmacologic Options for Labor Analgesia; Maternal Anesthesia for Fetal Surgery; Epidural Analgesia, Maternal Fever, and Implications for the Newborn; Multimodal Postcesarean Delivery Analgesia; External Cephalic Version under Regional Anesthesia; Neuraxial Labor Analgesia Effects on the Progress of Labor; Genetic Contributions to Labor Pain and Progress; Persistent Postpartum Pain after Cesarean Delivery; Chronic Opioid Use in Pregnancy: Implications for Mother and Baby; Assessment of pain in the neonate; Biological and Neurodevelopmental implications of untreated pain; Non-pharmacologic pain management in the neonate; The use of regional anesthetics techniques in neonates and young infants; Opioid withdrawal and abstinence syndromes in neonates; and Neurodevelopmental implications of the use of sedation and analgesia in neonates.