Chapter 1. Structural Reform in Higher Education: An Introduction; Harry de Boer, Jon File, Don F. Westerheijden, Jeroen Huisman, Marco Seeber & Martina Vukasovic.- PART I. Horizontal Differentiation Processes.- Chapter 2. Reform of the 'Fachhochschulen' in Austria; Attila Pausits.- Chapter 3. Partial Horizontal Differentiation in Croatian Higher Education: How Ideas, Institutions and Interests Affect the Policy Process; Jelena Brankovic & Martina Vukasovic.- Chapter 4. Strengthening Research at the Dutch 'Hogescholen': From Ideas to Institutionalization; Harry de Boer.- Chapter 5. Pulling the Plug in a Bathtub: The Big Consequences of a Small Change in Norwegian Higher Education; Mari Elken & Nicoline Fr lich.- Chapter 6. The Government Response to the Private Sector Expansion in Poland; Dominik Antonowicz, Marek Kwiek & Don F. Westerheijden.- PART II: Vertical Differentiation Processes.- Chapter 7. The Danish UNIK-Initiative: An NPM-Inspired Mechanism to Steer Higher Education; Kaare Aaagaard & Harry de Boer.- Chapter 8. France: Initiatives for Excellence; Emmanuel Boudard & Don F. Westerheijden.- Chapter 9. The International Campus of Excellence Initiative in Spain; Marco Seeber.- PART III: Institutional Relationships.- Chapter 10. Setting up Associations in Flemish Higher Education; Jeroen Huisman & Jelle Mampaey.- Chapter 11. Finland: Mergers in the Context of Continuity; Terhi Nokkala & Jussi Välimaa.- Chapter 12. Policy-Making for Structural Reforms in Welsh Higher Education Landscape; Nadine Zeeman & Paul Benneworth.- Chapter 13. Structural Reform in European Higher Education: Concluding Reflections; Jeroen Huisman, Marco Seeber, Martina Vukasovic, Harry de Boer, Jon File and Don F. Westerheijden.