This volume is a compilation of carefully selected questions at the PhD qualifying exam level, including many actual questions from Columbia University, University of Chicago, MIT, State University of New York at Buffalo, Princeton University, University of Wisconsin and the University of California at Berkeley over a twenty-year period. Topics covered in this book include geometrical optics, quantum optics, and wave optics.This latest edition has been updated with more problems and solutions, bringing the total to over 200 problems. The original problems have been modernized, and outdated questions removed, placing emphasis on those that rely on calculations. The problems range from fundamental to advanced in a wide range of topics on optics, easily enhancing the student's knowledge through workable exercises. Simple-to-solve problems play a useful role as a first check of the student's level of knowledge whereas difficult problems will challenge the student's capacity on finding the solutions.