This book summarises the technology for resources targeting and assessment and provides six types of prediction and assessment methods which will guide researchers engaged in teaching, resource prediction, and assessment. The book consists of three parts: Part 1 details mineral systems with examples from China, Part 2 deals with data processing (e.g. geological, geophysical, geochemical, remote sensing), and Part 3 provides specific examples from China. The book also includes a database of the 25 major minerals systems occurring in China. The database is based on multiple GIS layers, including 1:200,000 geological, geochemical, and geophysical maps and remote sensing images. These data are the outcome of a major survey that was conducted in China from 2006 to 2013 and that had as main objective to define criteria that can be used to assess and target mineral resources on a country-scale.