The Antarctic is symbolic of the wider challenge facing the progressive development of the international legal order. How can the law ensure a balance between economic growth (and the attendant exploitation of natural resources) and environmental protection (requiring the wise and sustainable use of limited natural resources)? the contribution of science, of new institutional structures and of the non-governmental sector towards effective law-making, administrative and enforcement processes present a major challenge. This volume, inspired by a major symposium held in Brussels in October 1990, crystallizes the response of leading representatives of the legal, governmental, scientific and political communities and represents a significant new contribution to legal thought and practice, at a time when the international community has recognized the inadequacies of the international rules relating to the protection of natural resources and the environment.