Offering a thorough reassessment of modern American culture, this book examines how economic change influences religion, and the way literature mediates that influence. Focusing on the period 1840-1940, this book shows how the development of capitalism reshaped American Protestantism and addresses the necessary role of literature in that process.

Arguing that the "spirit of capitalism" was not fostered by traditional Puritanism, but rather that Christianity was transformed by the Market and Industrial Revolutions, this book refutes the long-held secularization thesis by showing that modernity was a time when new forms of the sacred proliferated, and that this religious flourishing was essential to the production of American culture.

It draws from the work of Émile Durkheim and cultural sociology to interpret modern social upheavals like religious awakenings, revivalism, and the labor movement. Examining work from writers like Rebecca Harding Davis, Jack London, and Countee Cullen, it shows how concepts of salvation fundamentally intersect with matters of race, gender, and class, and proposes a theory that explains the enchantment of modern American society.