The book is on methods of reconstruction of past climate, climate changes, oceanography of the South Atlantic (including the Southern Ocean) and the cycling of biochemical components in the ocean. Information about past ocean conditions is provided by so-called paleoceanographic proxies (parameters with approximate unobservable environmental variables, e.g. surface water temperature). Use of proxies and their development has been a major theme of the Collaborative Research Project at the University of Bremen for almost 10 years. In this volume we summarize our results in relation to these proxy studies. Each chapter gives an overview of a specific proxy, provides particular findings obtained in the South Atlantic and ends with an outlook on future perspectives with respect to the proxy described. Therefore it is suitable for lecturers, graduate students and scientists working in the field of climate reconstruction from ocean sediments.