"Actions are by intentions" is a principle deeply rooted in Islamic ethics and jurisprudence, often attributed to the Prophet Muhammad. The principle underscores the significance of intentions in determining the moral value and accountability of one's actions. Here's a deeper exploration of this concept:

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   **Hadith:** The principle "Actions are by intentions" is derived from a well-known Hadith (saying) of the Prophet Muhammad, found in Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, two of the most respected collections of Hadith in Islam. The Hadith states: "Verily, deeds are but by intentions, and every person will have only what they intended."

   
   


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   **Emphasis on Intention:** According to this principle, the moral worth of an action is not solely determined by its outward appearance or consequences but by the intention behind it. In Islam, the intention (niyyah) is considered the driving force behind every action and is crucial in determining whether an action is virtuous or sinful.

   
   


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   **Clarification of Intentions:** The Prophet Muhammad taught that one should clarify their intentions before performing an action, ensuring that it is done sincerely for the sake of pleasing Allah and seeking His reward. A good intention can elevate even mundane activities to acts of worship if performed with sincerity and devotion.

   
   


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   **Avoidance of Hypocrisy:** The principle of actions being by intentions also serves as a safeguard against hypocrisy (nifaq) and insincerity in worship. Merely outwardly performing acts of worship without genuine faith and intention is considered hypocritical in Islam.

   
   


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   **Equality in Reward:** Another aspect of this principle is that it ensures equality in reward and accountability. Two individuals performing the same outward action may receive different rewards or consequences based on their intentions. A sincere intention can transform even seemingly trivial actions into acts of worship, while a corrupt intention can nullify the virtue of a seemingly good deed.

   
   


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   **Application in Jurisprudence:** The principle of actions being by intentions has implications in Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), particularly in matters of worship and transactions. Intention is a crucial component in the validity of acts such as prayer, fasting, and charity, among others.

   
   

Overall, the principle "Actions are by intentions" underscores the importance of sincerity, consciousness of Allah, and purity of heart in the practice of Islam. It serves as a guiding principle for Muslims in their daily lives, reminding them to continuously purify their intentions and seek Allah's pleasure in all their actions.