This book explores the therapeutic approaches of stem cells and stem cell-derived exosomes against neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). The initial chapters introduce different neurodegenerative diseases and discuss the mechanistic aspects of their progression. The subsequent chapters cover strategies for the isolation, characterization, and differentiation of stem cells. In turn, the book reviews the protective role of stem cells against neurological disorders and examines regenerative approaches to treat neurological diseases using mesenchymal stem cells. The book also presents induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology for cellular therapy, drug screening, and in-vitro modeling of neurodegenerative diseases. Lastly, the book discusses the role of stem cells and derived exosomes as a novel therapeutic agent against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease and in associated signaling molecules involved in neuroprotection. This book is an invaluable source for researchers working towards understanding the potential of stem cell therapy in neurodegenerative disorders.