This book informs the reader about applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and nature-inspired algorithms in different situations. Each chapter in this book is written by topic experts on AI, nature-inspired algorithms and data science.The basic concepts relevant to these topics are explained, including evolutionary computing (EC), artificial neural networks (ANN), swarm intelligence (SI), and fuzzy systems (FS). Additionally, the book also covers optimization algorithms for data analysis.The contents include algorithms that can be used in systems designed for plant science research, load balancing, environmental analysis and healthcare.The goal of the book is to equip the reader - students and data analysts - with the information needed to apply basic AI algorithms to resolve actual problems encountered in a professional environment.