Biotechnology is a group of technologies that involves manipulation of living organisms and their components to produce useful products that are very beneficial and can improve our lives. It’s a multidisciplinary branch which involves different biological and allied subjects. Being a vibrant branch, it has progressed very fast and still progressing with rigorous research and best knowledge. With the development in knowledge and advancement in technology, the field of biotechnology is further expanding in various areas related to industry, medical, plant, pharmaceutical, environment, microorganisms, agriculture, nanotechnology. Due to multifaceted and systemic research in biotechnology in all the sectors including research labs, institutes, industry, hospitals, universities; it is important to disseminate the knowledge in the form of book. Looking at the importance of the field of biotechnology in the modern world, it is imperative to have sound knowledge of the subject. This book contains 15 chapters written by experts in their own field with up- to- date information, covering all the major areas of biotechnology which are advancing day by day. This book will serve as an exhaustive and up to date compendium of references on various aspects of biotechnology.