Climate protection and raw material change require new, sustainable carbon sources for the chemical and fuel industries. In fact, processes that recycle carbon-containing emission and gas streams industrially are reaching industrial practice. They will make an important contribution to reducing carbon emissions and moving towards a true carbon circular economy.

This book describes the basics of chemical and biotechnological processes for converting CO and CO2 into chemicals and fuels. Furthermore, it addresses potentials for the manufacturing economy, industrial sites and regions and answers the following questions.

• Which emission and gas streams offer feedstock potential?


• What processes are already implemented, being tested and under development?


• What products can be made from gaseous carbon sources?


• How can carbon emitting and consuming industries be linked into new value chains?


• What is the regulatory framework?


• What does the ecological footprint look like?


• How do the new processes contribute to the regional economy and thus to social acceptance among consumers and among decision-makers in companies and politics?

Providing companies with sustainable carbon sources is a central question of the circular economy, which must be answered with technical processes, new cross-sector value chains, adapted infrastructure and further developed framework conditions. This concerns scientists and decision-makers in companies alike. In this book, they as well as interested laymen will find a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in both, technology and research, and of the overriding issues involved in establishing CO2 and CO as feedstocks.