A major scientific breakthrough happens about once in every 100 years.

It juat happened in the fields of colour blindness and color deficiency in humans. It is unbelievable that since the discovery and report of colour blindness in 1793 by John Dalton (then referred to as Daltonism), and the identification of three types of colour blindness by Johannes von Kries in 1895, (based on earlier work of Hermann von Helmholtz and Thomas Young) no sientist in more than 125 years have realised or discovered that the theories of those scientists were from day one based on the wrong assumptions. Which now, fortunately, stand to be corrected.

In studying bird colours for more than 40 years, the author identified 5 (new to science) inheritable gene defects in birds that result in changes in bird colours. Two of these defects are also responsible for the human eye converting colour incorrectly. He also discovered that the present day colour blindness theory has developed from a wrong assumption and foundation. It has developed as a cluttered and in many ways illogical science, while, in fact, it should have been one of the easiest sciences to establish.

Colour blindness and deficiencies in humans are caused by two gene defects. These defects can now be easily identified and studied. Also, by studying the origin of colour defects in birds, possible cures can be developed for colour blindness and colour deficiencies in humans from knowledge obtained from experiments with birds. Studying birds are quick, easy and cheap with no human moral issues attached, which makes it ideal.

When Johannes von Kries "discovered" the colour receptors ("convertors" is the term favoured by the author) in the human eye in the 1890's, he wrongly assumed that the convertors contained green, red and blue pigments respectively, which is the primary colours of wave length light. However, the primaty colours of light can not occupy any object or human flesh such as colour convertors, as they are light waves and not pigments. The convertors, therefore, contain cyan, magenta and yellow pigment which convert the additive light from outside the eye to subtractive colours when striking the convertors.

The entire theory of colour-blindness based on the assumtion that the convertors in the eye have red, green and blue pigment is, therefore, wrong, as the receptors have cyan, magenta and yellow pigment, the discovery that not only led the author to be able to precisely define each colour blindness or colour deficiency condition, but also now points scientists into the direction of new research for possible remedies and cures.

Where optometrists and physicians up to now had to work through a set of 38 Ishihara Colour Plates to try and determine if and what type of colour deficiency exists in a patient, it can now be achieved in a few seconds by using only a few newly developed colour plates fot the total of 7 types of colour blindness and 7 types of colour deficiencies now specifically identified. The plates are included in the book.

The science of colour blindness and colour deficiency have now been totally redefined and will leap forward from here in a gigantic step!