Group analysis of differential equations has applications to various problems in nonlinear mechanics and physics. Group-Theoretic Methods in Mechanics and Applied Mathematics systematizes the group analysis of the main postulates of classical and relativistic mechanics. Exact solutions are given for the following equations: dynamics of rigid body, heat transfer, wave, hydrodynamics, Thomas-Fermi, and more. The author pays particular attention to the application of group analysis to developing asymptotic methods for problems with small parameters. This book is designed for a broad audience of scientists, engineers, and students in the fields of applied mathematics, mechanics and physics.