This book investigates the complex effects of nanotechnology across numerous fields such as nanomedicine, tailored therapy in medicine and health care, transformational treatment choices for various illnesses, electronics, and computing via miniaturization. In addition, the contributions of nanotechnology to quantum computing, and flexible electronics has been examined. More so, the book discusses the advantages of nanotechnology in the energy and environmental sectors, such as solar cells, energy storage systems, and water purification technologies, in order to solve major global concerns. The impact of nanotechnology on materials and production processes, with applications in construction, aerospace, and other fields, is highlighted. The book further discusses the ethical and societal issues such as safety, privacy, equal access, and thoroughly examined how to strike a balance between innovation and responsible development of nanotechnology in the context of stringent rules and proactive risk assessment. Furthermore, the ability of nanotechnology to bridge the technological divide in underdeveloped nations while minimizing environmental implications is also highlighted.