This book describes Parathyroid Gland, Functions, Diseases, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases

Four little grains of parathyroid glands

At the back of the butterfly shaped Thyroid Gland

You all produce a bit of parathyroid hormone

To regulate the calcium in the blood and bone

But when your glands produce too much

And one of you suddenly become enlarged

You really make me suffer all the weakness and pain

From the loss of calcium accumulated in the bones in vain

Calcium and phosphorus combine to make calcium phosphate.

That material gives hardness and strength to bones and dental plate

Calcium is also needed to help blood to clot after an injury.

It is also required for muscles and nerves to work properly

Phosphorus works with calcium to do these jobs.

Excess parathyroid hormone will cause the phosphorus and energy to drop

No medicine has been known to cure this wayward gland.

I am afraid that only your removal will be the only end

-An original poem by Kenneth Kee

The parathyroid glands are 4 tiny glands sited at the back of the thyroid glands or within the thyroid gland itself or in the chest in humans and produce the parathyroid hormone (PTH).

PTH increases the blood calcium level by:

1.Breaking down the bone and causing calcium release

2.Raising the body's ability to absorb calcium from food

3.Raising the kidney's ability to keep calcium that would otherwise be lost in the urine.

PTH regulates the levels of 3 minerals in the body:

1.Calcium,

2.Phosphorus and

3.Magnesium.

Life and Death of Parathyroid Cell

My name is Calcium Man the Parathyroid Gland Cell.

I was named Calcium Man by my friends who feel that Calcium Man is the most suitable name of a cell from Calcium controlling Parathyroid gland of the human body.

We Parathyroid gland cells do not just spring into existence from embryo stem cells.

My Parathyroid hormones control the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones so that the nervous and muscular systems can function properly.

If the calcium level drops in the blood, we parathyroid gland cells will sense it and release our parathyroid hormone which will then goes to the cells of the bone to take the calcium out and place it in the blood stream so that the calcium level becomes normal again

We parathyroid glands originate from the interaction of neural crest mesenchyme and third and fourth branchial pouch endoderm

Our superior parathyroid glands arise from the fourth pharyngeal pouch

Our inferior parathyroid glands arise from the third pharyngeal pouch.

Everybody with a bad parathyroid gland will eventually develop bad osteoporosis--unless the bad gland is removed

There is only one way to treat my parathyroid problems and that is Surgery.

Calcium is the element that allows the normal conduction of electrical currents along nerves.

The entire brain works by fluxes of calcium into and out of the nerve cells.

Calcium is also the primary element which causes muscles to contract.

This is why my parathyroid gland is so important for the control of calcium in the body.

The major function of we parathyroid glands is to maintain the body's calcium level within a very narrow range so that the nervous and muscular systems of the body can function properly.

When blood calcium level drops below a certain point, calcium-sensing receptors in the parathyroid gland are activated to release our Parathyroid hormone into the blood.

Our Parathyroid hormone has effects antagonistic to those of calcitonin.

Without my parathyroid gland, the function of the brain and muscles in the body will be affected.

As in all cell deaths, death of my Parathyroid gland cell is by apoptosis or necrosis.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Introduction

Chapter 1 Parathyroid Gland

Chapter 2 Functions

Chapter 3 Life Cycle

Chapter 4 Diseases

Chapter 5 Hyperparathyroidism

Chapter 6 Hyperparathyroidism

Chapter 7 Osteoporosis

Chapter 8 Life and Death Parathyroid

Epilogue