Soil is an excellent gift of nature for the livelihood of all living creatures on the earth. Inappropriately, attention to the management of its health and productivity has been found to be inadequate in many parts of the world. Soil organic matter is one of the most complex materials existing in nature that plays spectral role in the maintenance and productivity of soil resource. It contains soil physical, chemicals and soil carbon analysis, microbial synthesized compound and an endless array of derivates materials in organic constituents present in undecayed plant and animal tissues. The humus material of soil organic matter by virtue of its high cation exchange capacity and chelating power, acts as reservoir of nutrients. This book discusses all of the above with the latest 5th Dean Committee Recommendations as the foundation. It will prove to be beneficial for the UG, PG students, researchers, scientists, foresters for carrying out soil physical, chemical and carbon analysis