This Monograph provides a comprehensive overview of pulmonary emergencies, from pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, right heart failure and haematothorax to acute exacerbations of diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Recent developments in treatment strategies for acute pulmonary problems are also discussed in detail, with chapters on topics such as high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy, extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal and noninvasive ventilation.