Refraction and retinoscopy are essential skills in progression through ophthalmology specialty training and require consistent practice. This second edition is a comprehensive introduction and revision guide specifically tailored for candidates sitting the Refraction Certificate, as assessed by the Royal College of Ophthalmologists.

Key Features:

• Presents concise explanations of the theory and application of refraction and retinoscopy techniques, with excellent guided illustrations throughout


• Provides a step-by-step framework for how best to prepare for the recently updated format of the Refraction Certificate