This book constitutes the proceedings of the 50th International Conference on Current Trends in Theory and Practice of Computer Science, SOFSEM 2025, held in Bratislava, Slovak Republic, during January 20-23, 2025.

The 48 full papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 109 submissions. They include original research from all areas of foundations of computer science and artificial intelligence focusing on AI-based algorithms and techniques, nature-inspired computing, machine learning theory, multi-agent algorithms and games, neural network theory, parallel and distributed computing, quantum computing, computability, decidability, classical and non-classical models of computation, computational complexity, computational learning, cryptographic techniques and security, data compression, data and pattern mining methods, discrete combinatorial optimization, automata, languages, machine models, rewriting systems, efficient data structures, graph structure and algorithms, logics of computation, robotics, and other relevant theory topics in computing and AI.