This book is centered on a surprising Tevatron and LHC experimental result, the accurate equality of gauge boson and top quark energy Ew + Ez = Et. The ramifications of this unanticipated result extend down to the lower energies, and lead to two new elementary particle paradigms. The first is the use of energies E rather than masses m for analysing particle excitation patterns, where E =mc2. The second is the recognition that ground-state particle energies are generated in the form of quantized energy packets that are produced in 'α-boost' energy excitations, where α-1 ~137 is the fine structure constant. Repeated α-boosts form a 'reservoir' of energy packets, which merge and reproduce the quantized energies of the various particle and quark ground-state configurations. An α-generated energy excitation path extends upward from the electron to the top quark t. The steps in this path, which contain two α-boosts, combine coherently to give the energy equation Eelectron x 18/α2 = Et, which is accurate to 0.3%. A branching energy path reproduces the energy of the bottom quark b to 0.1%.

Particle energies and lifetimes are conjugate quantities, and the α-quantized particle energies are reflected in α-quantized particle mean lifetimes, as revealed by lifetime plots on a logarithmic α-spaced grid. The accurate factor-of-137 spacings between the classical electron radius, Compton radius, and Bohr orbit radius suggest introducing both a radial and a mass dependence into α, which leads to an equation for the transformation of Coulomb energy into electron non-electromagnetic mass. The electron spin and magnetic moment are reproduced by a Compton-sized relativistically spinning sphere (RSS). The anomalous electron magnetic moment is also accounted for by the RSS, in response to Richard Feynman's 1961 Challenge to provide such an explanation. The mathematics used here is straightforward, and the calculations are guided by fits to the elementary particle RPP energy and lifetime data bases, which are provided here in Appendices A and B.

Contents:

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  Preface

  
  


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  The Mysterious Fine Structure Constant α ~ 1/137

  
  


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  The Experimental α-Quantization of Lepton, Quark and Particle Mean Lifetimes

  
  


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  The Experimental α-Quantization of Elementary Particle Energies and Masses, Where E = mc2

  
  


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  The Relativistically Spinning Sphere (RSS), Magnetic Size, and Magnetic Self-Energy of the Electron

  
  


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  The Answer to Feynman's Challenge

  
  


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  Final Editorial Notes

  
  


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  Acknowledgments by Eleanor Mac Gregor

  
  


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  Postscript: A Profile of an Unconventional Thinker in Physics

  
  


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  Appendices:

  
  
  
  
  • Review of Particles (2018) Lifetime
  
  
  • Particle Energy Database
  
  
  • Magnetic Moment Values of u, d, s Constituent-Quark Energies
  
  
  
  


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  Index

  
  

Readership: Graduate students, academics, researchers, and all readers interested in Particle Physics.

Key Features:

• Of particular interest should be that both the masses and lifetimes of elementary particles are α-quantized. The book introduces the topic of the importance of quantized lifetimes


• Other studies published by physicists about the number 137 have assumed the electron to be a point. Mac Gregor's model is based on a rotating spherical electron which has a mechanical mass


• Mac Gregor's model is verified in experiment


• The number 137 acts as a conjugate unit for the sequential transformation of photon bundles (packets) into atomic entities that support all of the matter of the universe