Based on relevant research from domestic and foreign academic circles, this book focuses on the path choices and transitions of the main political forces of Germany (the emperors, the princes, the Imperial Cities and the peasants) in the early modern political and social transitional processes in the 15–18th century, as well as the impacts of these transitions on the historical development of Germany after the 19th century. In this book, the author puts forward his own thoughts on the theory of "the German Special Path" (deutscher Sonderweg), thereby revealing the "continuity" of the historical development of Germany. This book is the first in China that systematically and comprehensively explores the political and social transitions of Germany in early modern times, reflecting the understanding of Chinese scholars on the issues of the political and social transitions of Germany in early modern times and the theory of "the German Special Path" (deutscher Sonderweg).