A manual for parents whose adult children have broken off communication that investigates the cultural factors that contribute to alienation and provides helpful guidance for parents attempting to re-establish communication with their adult children.

Family estrangements are strained relationships between parents, grandparents, relatives, children, cousins, and other family members. Family discord can begin at any point in life, although it usually begins in late adolescence or early adulthood.

A lack of sympathy for at least one of the groups in issue may be remembered as alienating characteristics. Although due to a toxic relationship the victim may have a liberated feeling once the source of stress has been removed, this might cause higher levels of stress in all groups.

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