The first in-depth reference to the field that combines scientific knowledge with philosophical enquiry, this Encyclopedia brings together a team of leading scholars to provide nearly 150 entries on the essential concepts in the philosophy of science. The areas covered include biology, chemistry, epistemology and metaphysics, physics, psychology and mind, the social sciences and key figures in the combined studies of science and philosophy. Articles, ranging from 3,000 to 7,500 words, include comprehensive coverage of: Adaptation Artificial Intelligence Causality Chemistry, Philosophy of Chomsky, Noam Determinism Evolution Feminist Philosophy of Science Game Theory Immunology Inductive Logic Kuhn, Thomas Laws of Nature Observation Probability Quantum Logic Realism Scientific Revolutions Species Statistics, Philosophy of Turing, Alan and much more. Jason M. Alexander, London School of Economics, UK; Brad Armendt, Arizona State University, USA; Nicholas Asher, University of Texas at Austin, USA; Andrew Backe, USA; W