This first comprehensive history of republican thought and activity in Australia traces debate around an Australian republic from 1788 to the present. It explains the pivotal role played by republican philosophies, both before and after federation, and illustrates the striking similarities between the arguments of both republicans and monarchists in the 1990s and those that existed 150 years ago. Essential reading for all those with an interest in political and intellectual history. It fills a large gap in Australian history and will become the essential work on Australian republicanism.