This book provides the first detailed analysis of a distinctive element of Chinese foreign policy, waishi, the external policies intended to influence and control both foreigners themselves as well as Chinese citizens' contact with and perception of outsiders. The term also comprises China's external relations-both official state-to-state and unofficial or 'people-to-people' diplomacy. Anne-Marie Brady argues that by encompassing all matters related to foreigners and foreign things, not merely diplomacy, waishi has proven to be one of the most effective tools in the CCP's repertoire for building and then sustaining its hold on power. The author's groundbreaking research is based on a previously unexplored genre of classified waishi materials, extensive interviews with waishi officials and foreign participants of the system, as well as extensive archival research.