Following on from "Women Scientists in America: Struggles and Strategies to 1940", which sought to interpret the history of women in science, this text continues with an analysis of women in science since World War II. Rossiter proves that despite frustrating obstacles created by the patriarchal structure and values of universities, government, and industry, women scientists made genuine contributions to their fields, grew in professional stature and lay the foundation for the breakthroughs that followed 1972.