In the late 1990s, more than ever, the tradition of historical writing is in a state of flux - as the traditional forms of Western history-writing are challenged by subdisciplines and different approaches, such as women's history, the history of sexuality, psychohistory, and multiculturalism. This encyclopaedia discusses individual historians from antiquity to the present day. The biographical entries are enhanced and supplemented by cross-referenced topical surveys. Each entry is followed by a list of references for further study and a list of works by the subject.