The Emergence of Modern Jewish Politics examines the political, social, and cultural dimensions of Zionism and Bundism, the two major political movements among East European Jews during the first half of the twentieth century. While Zionism achieved its primary aim - the founding of a Jewish state - the Jewish Labor Bund has practically disappeared, and its ideals of socialism and secular Jewishness based on the diaspora seem to have failed. Yet, as Zvi Gitelman and the contributors to this volume argue, it was the Bund that more profoundly changed the structure of Jewish society, politics, and culture. In thirteen essays, prominent historians, political scientists, and professors of literature discuss the cultural and political contexts of these movements, their impact on Jewish life, and the reasons for the Bund's demise, and question whether ethnic minorities are best served by highly ideological or by solidly pragmatic movements.