Turkey, a Muslim-majority country, is pivotal to Western security interests in the Middle East. Its ruling party, the AKP, has Islamic roots but operates within a framework of strict secular democracy, which has generated controversy over the boundaries between secularism and religion. This monograph describes the politico-religious landscape in Turkey and evaluates how the balance between secular and religious forces has changed over the past decade.In Turkey, an Islamic ruling party operates within a framework of strict secularism. This monograph describes the controversy over the boundaries of secularity and religion in Turkey and how the balance between these forces has changed over the past decade.