The passive and active of 'pawns or players' is in many ways the kernel of the ongoing debate within the analysis of the role of women in the past. The essays, by both established and younger scholars and covering a wide time-span and geographical area, range from examinations of the laws which restrained or enabled women to discussions of women who resisted the authorities, from studies of women who stepped outside their prescribed role and behaved in a manner that might be described as 'manly' to analyses of the constructions of gender and womanhood that influenced such prescriptions.