Advanced composite materials or high performance polymer composites are an unusual class of materials that possess a combination of high strength and modulus and are substantially superior to structural metals and alloys on an equal weight basis. This study provides an overview of the key components that are considered in the design of a composite, of analyses/testing and of property relationships with emphasis on compressive strength and damage tolerance. Newly emerging tests, particularly open hole compression tests, are expected to provide greater assurance of composite performance.