Employment discrimination is present in any society. However, this severe social problem has escalated in the post-Mao era in China. The imbalance between supply and demand in the labour market, combined with a lack of general consciousness regarding labour rights, have contributed to the swift spread of discrimination. This book contains the most recent research on the reality of discrimination in China, and advocates for effective employment equality protection through law and specialised equality institutions. The study of equal treatment in the legal systems of the EU illustrates the important contribution law, together with general policies, can make to the improvement of equality in employment. While both systems face a distinctive range and degree of problems, employment discrimination ought to be taken seriously in China and the countries of the EU.